Process of the manufacture of carbureted water gas with heavy oil



Jan. 19, 1931. J. PERRY 2,068,245.

PROCESSOF THE MANUFACTUREWE CARBURE'TED WATERGAS w i'Tu HEAVY OIL Filed Feb. 7, 193]. 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aim/M514 Jan. 19, 1937". V J, A. IPEI'RRY 2,068,24

PROCESS OF THE mmumcwnn OF CARBURETED WATER GAS wrrn HEAVY OIL Filed Feb. 7, 1931 2 Sheets-*Sheec 2 STEAM mf -:4 5 5); 4 307 B'SAIZZMEEY Patented Jan. 19, 1937 q-UNi-TED STATES; PATENT OFFICE,

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rnocass or run MANUFACTURE or cannunsrsn warm ass wrrn naavr. on.

Joseph A. Perry, Swarthmore, rasassignor to The United Gas Improvement Company, Philn of Pennsylvania Application ram 7, 1931, Serial No. 514,106

' 4 Claims. (or. sc -e) The present invention relates to the manu-. facture of carbure'ted water gas.

It is particularly adapted to the manufacture of carbureted water gas when employing heavy 5 oils and residuums as the carbureting material.

By heavy oils I mean to include those oils which when vaporized .in the ordinary checker filled carbureter produce excessive deposition of caricon on the checkerbrick and due to the deposited to vaporize these oils in the ordinary checker filled carbureter. There are better methods, as for instance, vaporizing the oil on the, top of the generator fuel bed during the run after the top oi the fuel bed has been specially heated during the blow by the combustion, with secondary air.

of the producer gas generated by the primary ai blast, or vaporizing them by spraying them by means of a nebulizingspray into a heated car:

, 30 bureter devoid oi checkerbrick, or a combination of these methods. I

Whichever method is employed it is a. characterlstic of these oils and residuums, that although for rapid vaporization they require more heat 35 than ordinary gas oil, the resultant vapors require less heat for iixing to oil gas. In ordinary operation with gas oil, thefu bed is blasted and the'resultant 'producer gas burned and its heat stored -in the-carbureter and 40 superheater. The oil is vaporized during the 1 run (sometimes only during the uprun) in the carbureter and the resultant oil vapors with the .water gas traverse the carburete'r and superheaterwhere the-oil vapors are-fixed. to oil gas- 5 without overcracking. V

In operation with heavy oil, however, the exposure of the oil vapors to the quantity of heat so' stored' and the temperature conditions so established, leads to overcracking. 50 This overcrackiug is particularly undesirable where a tar is desired which can be used for the manufacture of road compounds. It is now common practice to use water gas tar in the manu-' fact'ure of such compounds, as a thinner for coal' 55 gas tar. The tar produced from heavy oil under These the above described conditions of overcracking is likely to be heavier than coalgas tar and useless as a thinner. Its value as a fuel is only a fraction of its value as a road compound material.

It is the principal object of the present inven- 5 tion to provide a method of and apparatus for the manufacture of carbureted water gas employing heavy oil which is free from the above disadvantages of overcracking. According to the present invention the proper heat storage conditlons are set up for the vaporizing of the heavy oil and. fixing the resultant, vapors, while the a heat of the blast gases is efliciently recovered.

Generally stated the invention includes air blasting an ignited fuel bed to store heat ther- 15 in, burning the resultant producer gas with secondary air in the oil vaporizing portion of the heat storage and, storing a portion'of its heat thereiriirdividingthe resultant blast gas and passing one part through the oil vapor fixing portion of the heat storage and thence through the waste heat boiler to raise steam, and lay-passing the other part around the'oil fixing portion of the heat storage and thence through the waste heat boiler. Prior to passage of the gasesathrough the waste heat boiler tertiary air isadded to substantially complete combustion before reaching the boiler tubes.

I prefer to admit the tertiary air to the bypassed portionof the. gas in the by-pass pipe I carrying the gas to the waste heat boiler, completing combustion substantially in the pipe.

The invention will be further described in connection with the following figures, which form a part of this specification and which show forms. of the apparatus of the invention chosen for illustration, and in which, y c

Figure 1 shows'a' partial elevation and partial vertical cross section of a carbureted water gas set with provisions for vaporizing oil on the top 40 of the fuel bed.

Figure 2 shows a partial elevation and par tial vertical cross section of a carbureted water asset with provisions for vaporizing oil in an mpty carbureter.

Referring to Figure 1',

i is the generator. 2 an ignited fuel bed therein; 3 is an air supply means for up air blasting.

4 is a steam supply means for up steaming. 5 is 1 an air supply means for admitting secondary air peripherally adjacent the top of the fuel bed, and includes the bustle pipe 6 and connections I.

.8 is an oil supply means arranged to spray oil onto the marginal ring heatedbv secondary combustion. The generator is further provided with the connection 9 provided with valve i9 leading to the carbureter II. There is thus provided a gas conduit connecting generator I and the oil vaporization apparatus, which is located above the generator. The carbureter is provided with checkerbrick and in communication by connection I3 with the superheater i4.-. i5 indicates the superheater checkerbrick.

The superheater is provided with stack valve i6 and with the gas ofitake i1 leading to waste heat boiler l8.

' The waste heat boiler is connected also to the stack i9, provided with stack valve 29.

The superheater is further provided with the steam supply means 2! for down running, with the tertiary air supply means 22, and with the gas offtake 23 leading through the reversing valve 24 to the washbox 25. 27, provided with valve 26, is the offtake from the washbox to storage or other disposal. The generator is provided with the gas ofitake 28 leading from below the fuel bed to the washbox by way of valve 24.

Thereis further provision of the by-pass connection 29 provided with valve 38, leading from the generator to the waste heat boiler. 31 is an air supply means for admitting tertiary air to connection 29.

In operation the fuel bed, is blasted with air supplied through 3 and the resultant producer gas burned. in whole or in part by secondary air supplied through 5, 6 and I, producing besides the usual hot water gas reaction zone, a marginal hot zone at the top of the fuel bed.

I The resultant gases leave the top of the generator and are divided, one portion passing through connection 9 and valve M to the carburetor II, and thence through the carbureter and superheater in series and through the waste heat boiler -to the stack 28, storing heat on the carbureter and superheater and raising'steam in the boiler.

Air for tertiary combustion is admittedat 22, if

necessary.

The other portion is by-passed around the carbureter and superheated to the waste heat boiler by way of connection 29 and valve 30. Air for tertiary combustionis admitted tothe connection '29 at 3|, if required to ensure substantially complete combustion before reaching the waste heat boiler. The burned gases pass through the boiler raising steam and exit from the stack valve 20. -During this operation, according to, a cycle chosen jor illustration, valves in, 39 and 20 are open, valve i6 is closed, and reversing valve 24 is set to close line 28. The-frelati've proportion of gas passed through the carbureter and superheater and by-passed to the boiler will depend on and through the carbureterand superheater As an alternative to the simultaneous passageof gas through connections 9 and 29, all of the gas may be alternately passed through 9 and 29 by appropriately controlling valves l and 30 This alternation may take place within a single cycle or not.

.After the air blow step, an uprun is made with steam supplied at 4, the resultant water gas is carbureted with oil supplied through 8 and sprayed onto the marginal hot zone at the top of the fuel bed. The resultant oil vapors together with the water gas pass through connection 9 where the vapors are fixed to oil gas. The resultant carbureted water gas passes through connection 23 to the washbox and thence through connection 26 to storage. During this step valves I6, 20 and 30 are closed. Valves I0 and 26 are open, and the reversing valve 24 is set to open line 23 and close line 28. After the uprun, a down run may be made b steam admitted at 2|, passed through the superheater and carbureter in series, and superheated therein, and thence through the generator fuel bed, the resultant water gas passing through line 28 to the washbox and thence to storage.

During/this step valves 16, 20 and 38 are closed; valves 19 and 26 are open and the reversing valve is set to close line 23 and open line 28.

After a short uprun, uncarbureted, as a purge, the cycle may be repeated.

In the above operation, the flow vof the heating gases during the blow is controlled so that the desired quantity of heat is stored in the carbureter and superheater .for the proper fixing during the carbureting operation, thereby obviating the undesirable overcracking.

Referring to Figure 2, i

32 is the generator, provided with the ignited fuel bed 33, and with the air supply means 34 and steam supply means 35 for up air blasting and steaming respectively. Gas ofltake 36 leads from above the fuel bed to the carbureter 31 which is devoid of checkerbrick and is provided with the nebulizing oil spray 38. e w

The carbureter is provided with connection 39 provided with valve 49 and leading to the superheater The superheater is provided with checkerbrick indicated at 42.

43 is a stack valve and 44 a blast gas offtake leading to the waste heat boiler 45. 46 is the boiler stack provided with stack valve 41. The superheater is also provided with the gas ofitake 48 leading through the reversing valve 49 to the washbox 59. is the gas ofitake from the washbox to storage or other disposal and is provided with valve 52.

The superheater, as illustrated, is also provided with the steam supply means 53 for down running and the tertiary air-supply means 54.

The generator is provided with the gas offtake 55 leading through the reversing valve 49 to the washbox.

According to this modification oi the invention a by-pass connection 58 is provided leading from vided with valve 51. provided'with the tertiary air supply means 58. Secondary air is supplied to the carbureter throughv air supply means 59.

, In operation of the apparatus of Figure 2, the generator fire is blasted with air supplied through 34, and the resultant blast products burned with secondary air supplied through 59.

' The blast gases pass through'the carbureter 31,

,storing heat in the lining and are then divided,

a portion passing through connection 39, valve 40, superheater 4|, connection 44 and the waste I heat boiler to the stack, the other portion passing aoeaaas the combustion of the portion of the blast gas traversing the superheater. The portion of the blast gas traversing th superheater stores heat therein for'fixing.

During this operation valve 53 is closed, valve heat of the by-passed portion is recovered in the waste heat boiler, as is also the heat of the blast gases traversing the superheater.

Instead of securing the desired heat storage conditions by simultaneously traversing the superheater with one portion of the blast gases and by-passing it with another portion, valves 40 and II may be alternately opened and closed, passing all the blast gases through the superheater' durv ing one period, and all through theby-pass connection during another. This alternation may be within the cycle, or in succeeding cycles.

After the blast, an uprun may be made. During this step valves l3, l1 and 51 are closed, valves 40 and 52 are open and the reversingvalve is set to close ofitake 55 and open oiftake 48. Steam is admitted to the fuel bed through 35. The resultant water gas passes through the carbureter and superheater, where it" is carbureted with oil sprayed into the carbureter through oil supply 38, the resultant vapors being fixed to oil gas in traversing the superheater. The resultant carbureted water gas passes through oiftake ll, re-

versing valve 49, the washbox 50 and oiftake 5| 7 may be made and the cycle repeated.

The above operation is given as an illustration 7 and I do not wish to be limited to the precise steps and order of steps above described. V

I do not intend to be limitedin the practice of my invention save as the scope of the prior art and of the attached claims may require.

I claim: 1. Process of manufacturing carbureted water gas in a device including a generator containing an ignited fuel bed, a hydrocarbon vaporization apparatus, and a heat exchangepppa'ratus, which process includesthe following steps: one step being, air blasting the fuel bed to incandescence,

passing all the blast gases through the vaporiza tion apparatus, burning the blast gases in the vaporization apparatus, dividing the flow of blast gases as it issues'from said vaporization apparatus. conducting one portion through the heat exchange apparatus storing heat therein to the amount desired, by-passing all of-said heat exchange apparatus with the remaining portion of the blast gases to prevent overheating the heat exchange apparatus, and recovering outside of said heat exchange apparatus the heat of the blast gases not stored in the heat exchange app'aratus; and another step being, introducing steam to the fuel bed, generating blue water gas thereby, carbureting the blue water gas, and utilizing in the gas-making process the heat stored in said heat exchange apparatus.

2. Process of manufacturing carbureted water gas, which process comprises the following steps: one step being, air blasting an incandescent bed of solid fuel, burning the resulting blast gases with secondary air in a vaporization zone thereby storing heat in said vaporization zone, dividing said blast gases passing from said vaporization zoneinto two streams, storing atleast a portion of the remaining heat of one of said streams in a fixing zone by leading said stream through said fixing zone, and by-passing the other stream with respect to and out of contact with all of said fixing zone; and another step being, passing steam through said fuel bed thereby generating blue water gas, simultaneously introducing heavy oil to said vaporizing zone and vaporizing said heavy oil in said zone, and passing said blue water gas and the oil gas and oil vapors resulting from the vaporization of said heavy oil through said fixing zone thereby carbureting said blue water gas.

3. A step in an intermittent process of manufacturing carbureted water gas, which step includes air blasting. an incandescent fuel bed, burning the resulting blast gases with secondary air introduced adjacent the upper edge of the fuel ;bed, dividing the blast gases from the fuel bed into two streams, storing at one place at least a portion of the heat of the blast gases in one stream, for use in the gas making process by a leading said stream through said place, by-passing the blast gases constituting the other stream around all of said place at which said heat is stored to prevent over-heating said place, andutilizing heat stored at'said place in the gasmaking process.

'4. In a process of manufacturing carbureted water gas, the following steps: one step being, air

. blasting an ignited bed of solid fuel, burning the resulting blast gases with secondary air in a combustion space and storing heat therein, and then storing a selectively controlled portion of the remaining heat of said blast gases in a fixing zone by by-passing a portion of said blast gases around all of said fixing zone; and another step being, steam blasting said fuel bed thereby generating blue water gas, introducing heavy'oil directly into the combustion space and carbureting said blue water gas with the vapor resulting from the vaporization of said heavy oil, and fixing said heavy oil vapors in said water gas by means of the heat stored in said fixing zone."

JOSEPH A. PERRY. 

